#Spacing after a p element free

If your resource isn’t recoverable to the intended reader, use the format for personal communication to cite the resource only in text (APA, 2020, p. Do not include personal communication in the references If you retrieved the resource from an academic research database (e.g., eBook Collection in EBSCOhost) and the resource doesn't have a DOI assigned to it, do not provide a URL for the resource.įor example references, please see How Do I Reference a Journal Article in APA Style (No DOI)? or How Do I Reference a Book in APA Style? in WriteAnswers.ġ0. If the publisher is also the author, 'the publisher or site name is omitted from the source element' (APA, 2020, p. 296). These details can usually be found on the reverse side of the resource’s title page. 321) and 'use the spelling of the publisher name as shown on the work you used' (APA, 2020, p. If you're referencing a book or reference work, provide the publisher's name (APA, 2020, p. If you are referencing a journal article, provide the title of the periodical in the reference (APA, 2020, p. If you worked with an electronic resource that doesn't have a DOI assigned to it, do not provide a URL to the resource in the reference. Do not provide a URL if the resource doesn't have a DOI

#Spacing after a p element free

If you're unsure if the resource has a DOI, search for the article in Crossref's Free DOI Lookup.ĩ. If the resource has a DOI, whether you worked with a print or electronic version, provide that information in the form (APA, 2020, p. Provide a DOI if the resource has one assigned 291), such as a journal article, book chapter, newspaper article, magazine article, encyclopedia entry, or dictionary entry.Ĩ. 291), such as a book, journal, report, dissertation or thesis, newspaper, magazine, encyclopedia, dictionary, or web page.ĭo not italicize the title of a resource that is part of a greater whole (APA, 2020, p. Italicize the title of a stand-alone resource (APA, 2020, p. Use title case (i.e., all major words capitalized) in periodical titles (e.g., journal, newspaper, magazine) (APA, 2020, p.

Stand-alone resources, such as a report, dissertation, thesis, YouTube or TED Talk video, web page, brochures, press releases, and conference papers should also be presented in title case (APA, 2020, p. Use sentence case (i.e., capitalize the first word of a title, the first word of a subtitle, and proper nouns) in the title of a work that is part of a larger work, such as a journal article, book chapter, newspaper article, magazine article, blog post, social media post, or encyclopedia or dictionary entry (APA, 2020, p. Provide one space after a comma or a period within references, including after an author’s initials e.g., Author, A. See How Should I Format My References in APA Style? for more information. Use your word processor’s settings to set up an automatic hanging indent. Second and subsequent lines of every reference should have a hanging indent (APA, 2020, p. Do not break words or URLs at the end of a line instead, use your word processor’s automatic line-wrapping function (APA, 2020, p. The first line of a reference should start flush to the left margin, and references should be left-aligned with a ragged right margin (APA, 2020, p. Left-align references with a hanging indent See How Should I Format My References in APA Style? for more information.Ĥ. The references should be double-spaced without extra spaces between references (APA, 2020, p. If the list only has one entry, title the page 'Reference'. “References” is a section label, not a section heading, which means the word should be centred and bolded (APA, 2020, p. References should begin on a new page, and the page should be titled “References” (APA, 2020, p. Start references on a new page titled “References” If you’re unsure of the order expected in your work, please check with your instructor or publishing editor.Ģ. References typically appear after the main text but before appendices (American Psychological Association, 2020, p.

To see examples of these 10 items, please refer to the Annotated Student Sample Paper by the American Psychological Association.: If you're using the APA Style rules and want to review your references before you submit your document for grading or publication, check for these 10 common problem areas.